Hydrodynamic ram pressure explained how to#
Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Permission is not required) please go to the Copyright If you want to reproduce the wholeĪrticle in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figuresĪnd diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. For this example, the horizontal displacement at the top of the dam at the upstream face was monitored. Provided correct acknowledgement is given. A simple example is presented to illustrate the Westergaards added mass implementation in PLAXIS to model the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on a dam (with fixed displacements in the vertical direction). If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission Please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, Provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes. This article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, He,Ĭreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. Hydrodynamic electrospray ionization jetting of calcium alginate particles: effect of spray-mode, spraying distance and concentration A classic case, and common occurrence, is when an aircraft with fuel in the wings is impacted with a fast-moving projectile, which could be foreign object debris or a ballistic projectile. This systematic investigation offers a basic database for industrial applications of hydrodynamic electrospray ionization. Hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) occurs when a fluid-filled enclosure is penetrated with a high-velocity projectile. An increasing aspect ratio of all spray modes was determined for sodium alginate spraying concentrations ≤ 1.5% and spraying distances of 20 cm this phenomenon can be explained with the chain ejection effect. The aspect ratio of microparticles varies significantly for different spraying modes and distances. For all spraying modes, the resultant particle diameters become independent of the spraying distance at a sprayed solute concentration ≥ 2.5%. Comparing the three different electrospray modes, we found that the conejet mode results in the smallest particle diameters, lowest aspect ratio and smallest variations over the parameter space mentioned above. These microparticles show different diameters and aspect ratios for three electrospray modes (dripping, conejet and multijet modes), four spraying distances (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm), and six spraying concentrations. Hydrodynamic electrospray ionization jetting was applied for generating and characterizing calcium cross-linked alginate microparticles.
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